What I tell my patients’ parents is that the connection between the esophagus (the food tube) and the stomach doesn’t close tightly in babies. This junction (the “lower esophageal sphincter”) is a circular ring of muscle that, in older kids and adults, squeezes tightly so that food and liquids don’t come back up. This isn’t the case in babies. Their muscles, and the nerves that control them, are immature. But, they work better every day.

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